How to use this calculator
- Choose single or married filing jointly, then your ages, the age you want to retire and the age to plan to. 95 is a planning convention, not a forecast of how long you will live; plan older for more margin.
- Enter what you have saved for retirement and where it is: pretax (a traditional 401(k), 403(b) or IRA), Roth (a Roth 401(k) or Roth IRA), and the rest in a taxable brokerage account. Leave out your emergency fund.
- Enter what you will save over the next 12 months, including any employer match. Where it goes is under More options (80% pretax and 20% Roth unless you change it).
- Enter the yearly spending you want in retirement at today's prices, after tax. The calculator adds the income tax on your withdrawals, so leave it out of this number.
- Pick an order of withdrawals. Below the answer every order is compared on your numbers, so you can see what each would leave you after tax.
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Choose how you'll spend. With the same, plus inflation, your spending is the same in today's dollars
every year; it is the plan the savings you need is sized for. The others come from published retirement-income research, and all but
the last take over once your Social Security and pension have started:
- Skip the raise after a loss: the same, except that your spending gets no inflation raise in a year after your savings lost money (tested in Morningstar's retirement-income research by Benz, Ptak and Rekenthaler in 2021, and by Arnott, Benz, Kephart and Guo since).
- Guardrails: spending rises with inflation, and is cut or raised 10% when the share of your savings your spending draws on drifts more than 20% from where it started, with no cuts in the last 15 years (Morningstar's version of Guyton and Klinger's 2006 rules).
- A constant percentage: the same share of your savings each year, never less than 90% of the first year's withdrawal (Morningstar, 2025).
- The endowment average: that share of the average of up to ten years' balances, with the same floor (Morningstar, 2025).
- Floor and ceiling: that share of your savings, kept within 2.5% below and 5% above last year's withdrawal plus inflation (Vanguard's dynamic spending rule: Daga, Clarke, Pakula and Bupp, 2021; tested by Morningstar in 2025).
- The RMD method: your savings divided by the IRS Single Life Table figure at your age (for a couple, the older spouse's age while both are alive, then the survivor's), the way a required minimum distribution is figured; it never runs out, and spending falls instead (Morningstar, 2025).
- Spending that falls 2% a year: your planned spending, falling 2% a year after inflation, since retirees' spending tends to fall as they age (Blanchett, 2014; Morningstar, 2024 and 2025). It starts in your first year of retirement.
- Choose whether returns are steady or vary. Steady uses your return every year. Vary runs your plan through 1,000 simulated markets whose middle return is yours and whose spread you set, and shows how often your savings last and the range at each age. The same link brings back the same markets; Try another set of markets draws a new set.
- Tick Social Security or a pension if you expect one, and enter each benefit for the age it starts. Your Social Security Statement assumes you keep earning what you earn now until you claim, so if you plan to stop earlier, use an estimate with the earnings you expect. For a pension, enter the amount your plan quotes, how much of it is taxable, and for a couple the share paid to a surviving spouse.
- Try a lower return, before and after you retire, and a later planning age. Under More options you can also set a state income tax rate, investment costs, the taxable account's cost basis and dividends, the survivor's spending, and an amount to leave at the end.
The numbers already filled in are an example. Replace them with your own. If what you have may already be enough without saving more (Coast FIRE), the Coast FIRE calculator asks that question directly. For the minimum you must take from a pretax account in a given year, see the RMD calculator; for the tax on your Social Security in one year, the Social Security tax calculator. For how the whole plan fits together, see the guide to retirement planning.
How it's calculated
1. Each working year
What you save goes in at the start of the year, split between your accounts. Each account grows by your return, and yearly costs come out after growth. A taxable account also pays dividends, taxed that year at the rate you set and reinvested. No other tax is figured while you work. In the example, $150,000 saved now and $15,000 a year, rising 2.5% a year, grow to $2,083,141 by 65: $1,589,516 pretax, $417,732 Roth and $75,893 taxable, in dollars of that year.
2. Each retirement year
The calculator starts from the year's spending, raised with inflation, and counts the Social Security, pension and dividends that arrive. It takes any required minimum distribution, then withdraws from your accounts in the order you chose until the money after tax covers the spending. The tax is figured each year from the law: pretax withdrawals and the taxable part of a pension as ordinary income; up to 85% of Social Security, by the IRS worksheet on provisional income; dividends and the gain on each sale at the capital-gains rates, above your other income; the standard deduction with its additional amount from 65 and, through 2028, the senior deduction; the net investment income tax; and, before 59½, the 10% additional tax on early withdrawals. In the example's first year of retirement, at 65, the plan needs $111,237 and takes $74,375 from the taxable account and $35,532 from pretax, with $1,518 of dividends; the federal income tax on that is $188, in dollars of that year ($102 in today's dollars).
Future years' tax brackets and deductions rise with the inflation rate you set. Social Security's taxation thresholds, the net investment income tax thresholds and the senior deduction stay at the dollar amounts the law sets, and the senior deduction ends after 2028.
3. The savings and the saving you need
The savings you need at retirement are the smallest balance, divided between your accounts as your own would be, that pays every year's spending and tax to your planning age. The saving you need is the smallest amount this year, rising by the same 2.5% a year, that gets the plan there. In the example, $1,119,146 is needed at 65 in today's dollars, and $14,902 this year would reach it, a little under the $15,000 saved now. A married couple with the same numbers needs $1,085,377, because the joint brackets and standard deduction are wider. In the first year of retirement the example takes 5.3% of its savings; a 4% withdrawal rate is the common starting point for a 30-year retirement, which shows how little margin a plan sized to last exactly to its planning age keeps.
4. The orders compared
Each order of withdrawals is run on the same savings, and ranked by what is left at the end after tax, with pretax money counted at an heir's tax rate. In the example, in proportion leaves $47,360 in today's dollars, against $17,042 for taxable first, while filling the 22% bracket runs out at 92. The order that pays the least tax over your retirement is not always the one that leaves the most: an order that pays more tax early can leave less pretax money for later.
5. The earliest age you could retire
Separately, the calculator tries every retirement age from next year to 80 on what you save now, and reports the first one whose plan lasts. In the example that is 65. If your savings grow more slowly than prices after costs, an early age can work when a later one does not; the result says so when that happens.
6. This year's limits at your age
The part of the saving needed going to pretax and Roth accounts is compared with the most one person can put into a 401(k) or 403(b) as an elective deferral and into an IRA from their own pay in 2026: $24,500 plus $7,500 at 40, $32,000 in all. From 50 the limits add a catch-up contribution of $8,000 at work, if your plan offers one, and $1,100 for an IRA; at 60 to 63 the workplace catch-up is $11,250 instead. A married couple with a workplace plan each has two sets of limits. The comparison changes nothing in the projection.
7. A year under a spending rule
Until your Social Security and pension have started, every rule except Spending that falls 2% a year spends your planned amount, and from there the rule sets each year. Skip the raise after a loss, Guardrails and Spending that falls 2% a year set the year's spending, and the calculator withdraws what that spending and its tax need, in your order. The four others set the year's whole withdrawal from your savings before tax, and your spending is what that withdrawal, your Social Security and your pension buy after tax. The savings you need and the saving you need are always for the fixed plan: a rule that adjusts to markets has no single target. In the example, at steady returns and what you save now, guardrails pay $48,600 to $60,000 a year after tax in today's dollars, and a constant percentage pays $40,215 to $60,000, against $60,000 every year for the fixed plan. The four rules that take a share of your savings have no inflation step, so when your savings grow more slowly than prices, their spending falls in today's dollars. And as the draws move from the taxable account to pretax money, the same withdrawal carries more tax.
8. Returns that vary
With returns that vary, each year's return is drawn at random from a lognormal distribution whose middle value is your return and whose standard deviation is the spread you set; one year does not depend on the last. Inflation, dividends and costs stay as you set them. The calculator draws 1,000 such markets from a numbered set, runs your own plan, at what you save now, through each, and reports the share in which your savings last and the range of your savings and spending at each age: 8 markets in 10 fall inside the outer band and half inside the inner one. This is a Monte Carlo simulation. In the example, at a 12% spread and set of markets 1, the plan lasts to 95 in 46.4% of markets, and at 65 the middle market holds $1,085,588 in today's dollars, with 8 markets in 10 between $639,840 and $2,011,765. The rules are compared on the first 250 of the same markets, so the differences between them come from the rules, not the draws.
Assumptions and limits
- One return every year before you retire, and one after, unless you choose returns that vary. A plan that just lasts to your planning age at an average return has no margin for a poor decade early in retirement (sequence of returns); the simulation shows how often it lasts across 1,000 simulated markets. The savings you need is sized at the steady return.
- Simulated markets draw each year's return independently from a lognormal distribution whose middle value is your return and whose standard deviation is the one you set; inflation, dividends and costs stay fixed. From 1928 to 2025, history had more very bad years than this distribution predicts, so treat the range as a model, not a forecast. A band is the range at each age, not any one market's path.
- The spending rules come from published retirement-income research, adapted in two ways: each except the declining one takes over once your Social Security and pension have started, with your planned spending paying the years before, and the rules that set a withdrawal set it before tax. The survivor's spending share applies to the rules that set spending; the others set the withdrawal whoever is alive. For a couple, the RMD method divides by the Single Life figure at the older spouse's age while both are alive, then at the survivor's.
- Federal income tax, from the latest published year's law, plus one flat state rate if you set one. The federal inflation-indexed amounts rise at the inflation rate you set; the law indexes with the chained CPI-U and rounds down to $25 or $50. The state rate applies to your income other than Social Security, with no state brackets, deductions, exemptions or retirement-income exclusions, and no federal deduction for it. No credits, alternative minimum tax or itemized deductions. Medicare premiums, including the higher ones at high incomes, belong in your spending.
- No tax is figured while you work except on taxable-account dividends, at the rate you set, and no required minimum distributions are taken before you retire. An IRA's minimums start at the applicable age whether you work or not; a workplace plan at the employer you still work for can wait.
- The taxable account's dividends are all qualified; a sale is taxed on the account's average gain, as a long-term gain; no losses are harvested, and there is no step-up in basis at the first death.
- Required minimum distributions start at the applicable age and use the Uniform Lifetime Table, not the table for a spouse more than ten years younger. The 1959 birth year's age of 73 comes from proposed regulations. What you do not need is reinvested in the taxable account after tax.
- A couple's money is pooled under the older of you and passes to the survivor, who files as single from the year after the death, gets the larger of the two Social Security estimates and the pension's survivor share, and spends the share you set. A survivor under 60 keeps the money as a beneficiary, with no 10% additional tax and no minimum distributions; from 60 it is treated as their own. In law a survivor's Social Security is reduced if claimed before the survivor's full retirement age.
- Before 59½, pretax withdrawals and Roth earnings above what you put in carry the 10% additional tax. The calculator's line is the year you turn 60, which, with withdrawals at the start of the year, can be up to six months early or late. The exceptions, such as leaving a job at 55 (the rule of 55) or equal periodic payments, are not applied, nor the Roth five-year rule.
- A pension's tax-free part stays a fixed dollar amount for the number of payments the IRS Simplified Method allows, and then the whole payment is taxable. The pension field is for an employer's plan; a non-qualified annuity and rental income are taxed differently and are not covered.
- Social Security is your own estimate, rising with inflation and paid for life, counted at the share you choose. The calculator does not work out a benefit or change it when you change the starting age. In law, the benefit formula is indexed to average wages until about 62 and benefits rise with a price index after that.
- Savings go in, and withdrawals come out, at the start of each year. Ages are whole years at the end of each year; birth dates are not modeled. Nothing else changes: no windfalls, one-off costs, or changes in spending other than inflation and the survivor's share.
- It does not model Roth conversions beyond what a bracket-filling order reinvests, returns taken from history year by year, inflation that varies, or income while you work. The 401(k) and IRA limits shown are the selected year's, per person, and are not projected.
Input field details
What to enter in each box, where to find the number, and how this calculator treats it. When two calculators give different answers from the same numbers, it's usually because they handle one of these differently.
Filing status
Single, or married filing jointly.
How this tool treats itMarried filing jointly adds your spouse’s age, planning age and Social Security. The joint return is used every year you are both alive, including the year one of you dies; after that the other files as single.
Not includedHead of household and married filing separately, and the two years of qualifying surviving spouse status, which need a dependent child.
Your age now
Your age at the end of this year, in whole years.
How this tool treats itEvery age is counted at the end of the year, one row per year. The same age decides which catch-up contributions apply to you this year: from 50, and a larger workplace amount at 60, 61, 62 and 63. Birth dates are not used, so someone born on January 1 counts as 65 for tax purposes one year later than the law does.
Allowed range18 to 75
Age you want to retire
The age you stop saving and start drawing on your savings.
How this tool treats itIt must be after your age now. If it is not, a retirement age one year from now is used, and the result says so. The earliest age you could retire at what you save now is worked out separately.
Allowed range20 to 80
Not includedThe exceptions that let some people take workplace-plan money before 59½ without the 10% additional tax, such as leaving a job in or after the year you turn 55.
Spouse’s age now
Your spouse’s age at the end of this year, in whole years.
How this tool treats itWhile you are both alive, the savings are treated as the older one’s, so the older one’s age sets the required minimum distributions and the 10% additional tax before 59½.
Allowed range18 to 90
Plan to age
The age your money must last to.
How this tool treats it95 is a planning convention, not a forecast of how long you will live. Set it older to plan with more margin. You are counted as alive through the whole year you reach it. It is never earlier than your retirement age.
Allowed range70 to 110
Spouse plans to age
The age your spouse’s money must last to.
How this tool treats itThe plan runs until the later of the two planning ages. After the first of you reaches their planning age, the other is the survivor.
Allowed range70 to 110
Saved for retirement now
The total of all your retirement savings today: 401(k), 403(b), 457(b), Thrift Savings Plan, IRAs, Roth accounts and any taxable account you have set aside for retirement.
Where to find itThe latest statement or online balance for each account.
Allowed range$0 to $20,000,000
Not includedEmergency savings, and money meant for a house or any other goal.
You save this year
What goes into your retirement accounts this year, including any employer match.
Where to find itYour pay stub or your plan’s statement shows your own contributions and the match; add anything you put into an IRA or a taxable account for retirement.
How this tool treats itAdded at the start of each year, and raised each year by the yearly increase under More options (2.5% unless you change it). The saving needed is the same kind of figure: this year’s amount, rising by the same increase, split the same way between accounts.
Allowed range$0 to $1,000,000
Expected annual return
The average yearly return you expect on your investments until you retire, before investment costs and before inflation.
How this tool treats itThe same return is used every year until you retire, in every account, unless you choose returns that vary. Growth is added at the end of each year and rounded to the cent. Returns are an assumption, not a forecast. Over the long run the S&P 500 returned about 10.2% a year nominally (January 1926 to September 2023, computed from Robert Shiller's series, dividends reinvested, before taxes, fees and any advisor cost), while consumer prices rose about 3.0% a year (1926 to 2024, computed from the CPI-U). Neither is what any single decade delivered, and a real portfolio is not an index: you cannot invest directly in one. Every figure this tool produces is a hypothetical illustration of the assumptions you entered.
Allowed range0% to 20%
Not includedReturns taken from history year by year.
Returns each year
Steady uses your expected return every year. Varying runs 1,000 simulated markets around it.
How this tool treats itWith returns that vary, each year’s return is drawn from a lognormal distribution whose middle value is your expected return and whose spread is the one you set; one year does not depend on the last. Inflation, dividends and costs stay as you set them. The savings you need is still sized at the steady return. The simulation shows how often your own plan lasts across the 1,000 markets, and the range of your balance and spending at each age: a range at each age, not any one market’s path. A link brings back the same set of markets; “Try another set of markets” draws a new one. From 1928 to 2025 history had more very bad years than this distribution predicts, so treat the range as a model, not a forecast.
Not includedReturns taken from history year by year, and inflation that varies.
How much returns vary
The standard deviation of yearly returns, as a percentage.
How this tool treats itFrom 1928 to 2025, a mix of 60% U.S. stocks and 40% 10-year Treasury bonds, rebalanced each year, had a standard deviation of about 12% a year; mixes of 30% to 40% stocks, which compounded near 7%, about 8% to 9%; all stocks, about 19%. A wider spread lowers the chance your plan lasts. Used only with returns that vary.
Allowed range1% to 30%
Yearly spending in retirement
What you expect to spend each year once you retire, at today’s prices, not counting income tax.
How this tool treats itRaised with inflation every year. The income tax on what you take out is figured each year and added on top, so enter your spending after tax. State income tax is figured at the rate you set under More options; include Medicare premiums here, since they are not figured.
Allowed range$1,000 to $2,000,000
Not includedOne-off costs.
How you’ll spend
How much you take out of your savings each year once you retire.
How this tool treats itThe same, plus inflation is the plan the savings you need is sized for. The other rules come from published retirement-income research. Skip the raise after a loss: your spending gets no inflation raise for a year after your savings lost money. Guardrails (Morningstar’s version of Guyton and Klinger’s 2006 rules): your spending rises with inflation each year, is cut 10% when the spending rate is more than 20% above where it started and 15 or more years remain, and is raised 10% when the rate is more than 20% below where it started. The spending rate is your spending less your Social Security and pension, as a share of your savings, before tax. The next four set your yearly withdrawal from your savings before tax. A constant percentage: the same share of your savings each year, never below 90% of the first withdrawal. The endowment average: that share of the average of up to ten years’ balances, with the same floor. Floor and ceiling: that share of your savings, kept within 2.5% below and 5% above last year’s withdrawal plus inflation. The RMD method: your savings divided by the IRS Single Life Table figure at your age (the older one’s, for a couple); it never runs out, and spending falls instead. Spending that falls 2% a year: your planned spending, falling 2% a year after inflation. Every rule except the declining plan takes over once your Social Security and pension have started, and starts from your spending and withdrawal in that first year, except the RMD method, which sets each year’s withdrawal from that year’s balance and the Single Life Table figure from the first year on; until then you spend your planned amount. Because four rules set the withdrawal before tax, and some income and tax thresholds do not rise with inflation, what a withdrawal buys can change even when the withdrawal does not. The survivor’s spending share applies to every rule that sets spending (the fixed plan, the declining plan, skipping the raise and guardrails), not to the four that set a withdrawal. Every rule is compared on your own numbers below the answer.
Not includedRules that change spending by the odds of success from a simulation inside each year.
Order of withdrawals
Which accounts pay for each year after any required minimum distribution.
How this tool treats itTaxable first takes the taxable account, then pretax, then Roth. Pretax first takes pretax, then taxable, then Roth. Proportional takes from every account at once in proportion to its balance. Fill the 12% or the 22% bracket takes pretax money each year, from 60, up to the top of that bracket even when you do not need it all, then the taxable account, then Roth, then more pretax; what you do not spend is reinvested in the taxable account after tax. Before 60 the fill orders take the taxable account first, as taxable first does. Every order is compared on your own numbers below the answer.
Not includedRoth conversions.
Social Security
Tick to count the Social Security benefit you expect.
How this tool treats itOff unless you tick it, which gives the more cautious answer. It is counted only from the year you retire, and only from the age you start it. Up to 85% of it is taxable, depending on your other income, as Publication 915’s worksheet figures it.
Pension
Tick to count a pension from an employer’s plan.
How this tool treats itOff unless you tick it.
Not includedAnnuities you bought yourself, rent and other investment income: they are taxed differently and count toward the net investment income tax, which a pension does not.
Your benefit a year
Your estimated benefit for the age you plan to start it, as a yearly amount in today’s dollars: a monthly estimate × 12.
Where to find itYour Social Security Statement, in your my Social Security account.
How this tool treats itYour Statement assumes you keep earning what you earn now until you claim (20 CFR 404.812(d)). If you plan to stop work or earn less before then, use an estimate with the earnings you expect, which is likely to be lower. The amount is not adjusted for the starting age, so if you change the age, enter the benefit for the new one. It rises with inflation.
Allowed range$0 to $100,000
Starting at
The age you plan to start your Social Security benefit.
How this tool treats it62 is the earliest age for a retirement benefit (42 U.S.C. 416(l)(2)) and 70 the latest that raises it (402(w)); full retirement age is 67 if you were born on January 2, 1960 or later. A start age before your retirement age is counted from the year you retire.
Allowed range62 to 70
Spouse’s benefit a year
Your spouse’s own estimated benefit a year, in today’s dollars, for the age they plan to start it.
Where to find itYour spouse’s Social Security Statement.
How this tool treats itAfter one of you is gone, the survivor is paid the larger of the two estimates, from their own start age. In law a survivor’s benefit is reduced if it is claimed before the survivor’s full retirement age (42 U.S.C. 402(e)), so the survivor years can look better here than they will be.
Allowed range$0 to $100,000
Spouse starting at
The age your spouse plans to start their benefit.
Allowed range62 to 70
Pension a year
The yearly amount the plan quotes for the first year of payments.
Where to find itYour plan’s benefit statement or its estimate for the age you plan to start.
Allowed range$0 to $500,000
Starting at your age
Your age when the pension starts.
How this tool treats itCounted from the later of this age and your retirement age. If you are gone before it starts, your spouse is paid its survivor share from the age it would have started.
Allowed range45 to 80
Rises with inflation
Tick if your pension rises each year with prices.
How this tool treats itCheck your plan: some pensions rise each year and some are fixed. The tax-free part stays the same dollar amount either way.
Return after you retire
The average yearly return you expect once you retire, before costs and inflation.
How this tool treats itUsed in every account from your retirement year on. A lower figure than before you retire is a common way to allow for a more cautious mix of investments.
Allowed range0% to 20%
Inflation
The yearly rise in prices you expect.
How this tool treats itRaises your spending and your Social Security every year, and the tax brackets, standard deduction and capital-gains thresholds from the latest published year. 2.5% unless you change it. The law indexes those tax amounts with the chained CPI-U, not the rate you set, and rounds them down to $25 or $50; the Social Security taxation thresholds, the net investment income tax thresholds and the senior deduction stay at their dollar amounts, as the law fixes them.
Allowed range0% to 10%
Yearly increase in what you save
How much your yearly saving rises each year.
How this tool treats it0% keeps it flat; 2.5% keeps pace with the default inflation. Each year’s amount is this year’s raised by the increase once for every year from now, rounded to the cent.
Allowed range0% to 10%
Yearly investment costs
Your fund expenses and any advisory fee, as a yearly percentage of your balance.
Where to find itA fund’s expense ratio is in its prospectus or fact sheet; an adviser’s fee is in your agreement and in the firm’s Form ADV Part 2A.
How this tool treats itTaken from every account once a year, after growth, before and after you retire. Leave it at 0% if the returns you entered are already after costs.
Allowed range0% to 3%
Taxable account: yearly dividends
The part of the taxable account’s return paid out each year as dividends.
How this tool treats itTaxed in the year it is paid, as qualified dividends. It is part of the return, not added to it: the account’s total return before tax is the return you entered.
Allowed range0% to 10%
Tax on those dividends while you work
The rate your taxable account’s dividends are taxed at until you retire.
How this tool treats itFederal only: qualified dividends are taxed at 0%, 15% or 20%, plus 3.8% net investment income tax at high incomes. The state rate under More options is added to it. Income before you retire is not asked for, so this one rate stands for it; the tax is paid from the dividends and the rest is reinvested.
Allowed range0% to 30%
State income tax rate
One rate for your state’s income tax on your income in retirement.
Where to find itYour state’s rate at the income you expect in retirement, or last year’s state return: the tax divided by your income.
How this tool treats itApplied every year you are retired to your income other than Social Security (your federal adjusted gross income less the taxable part of your benefits), and added to the tax on taxable-account dividends while you work. Many states do not tax Social Security; if yours does, raise the rate to allow for it. The state tax is figured with the federal tax, so your withdrawals rise to pay both.
Allowed range0% to 15%
Not includedState brackets, deductions, exemptions, credits and retirement-income exclusions, state early-withdrawal penalties, and the federal deduction for state tax.
Heir’s tax rate on pretax money
The income tax rate you expect an heir to pay on pretax money left at the end.
How this tool treats itUsed only to compare the orders of withdrawals: pretax money left at the end is counted at what it is worth after this tax, Roth and taxable money in full.
Allowed range0% to 50%
Leave at the end
The amount you want left at the end of the plan, in today’s dollars.
How this tool treats itCounted before any tax an heir owes on pretax money. 0 plans to spend everything by the planning age.
Allowed range$0 to $20,000,000
Show in today’s dollars
Tick to remove inflation from every figure.
How this tool treats itDivides each year’s figures by one plus inflation, raised to the number of years from now. The answer is the same; only the dollars it is shown in change. The savings you need at retirement, at the top, is always shown in today’s dollars.
Questions
How much do I need to retire?
How much should I save for retirement each year?
How are retirement withdrawals taxed?
Which accounts should I withdraw from first?
What is a required minimum distribution?
How is Social Security taxed?
What changes when a spouse dies?
What are catch-up contributions, and when can I make them?
What is the 4% rule, or a safe withdrawal rate?
What are retirement guardrails?
What does a range of simulated markets tell me?
Version history
- September 26, 2026 (version 1.0.2): Chart bars in today's dollars now round the same way as the tables, which can change a bar's label in its last digit. With a state tax rate set, the orders list now says its tax includes state tax.
- September 25, 2026 (version 1.0.1): A plan that runs short in any year no longer counts as lasting because its balance later grows past $10 billion. This changes only the chance of lasting when returns vary, and only in those rare cases.
- September 25, 2026 (version 1.0.0): First version. Figures federal income tax, and a state rate you set, every year by account type, single or married; seven spending rules beside a fixed plan; and an option for returns that vary across 1,000 markets.